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How the seasons affect your sleep
After a long winter, the arrival of spring can be a welcome _____ . The days grow longer, the temperatures increase, and the natural world around us _____ _____ _____ again. But when the seasons change, our _____ _____ change with them.
New research suggests that humans may need more sleep in the winter than they do in the summer. A German study found that participants slept an hour longer in December than in June, regardless of their _____ _____ light. “Our study shows that even while living in an urban environment, with just _____ _____ , humans [experience] _____ _____ ,” says Dieter Kunz, one of the study’s lead authors and head of the clinic of sleep and _____ at St Hedwig Hospital in Berlin, Germany. The study found that the participants experienced seasonal _____ in their _____ _____ _____ _____ , also known as REM sleep, as well as in their _____ _____ _____ , also known as _____ _____ . REM sleep, which is when we dream and our heart rate increases, was 30 minutes longer in the winter than during the summer. Slow wave sleep, which is when our muscles are _____ , our _____ _____ is strengthened and our memory is _____ , was 30 minutes shorter in September than in February.
But why do our bodies and brains need more _____ at certain times of year? The answer could lie in our evolutionary past. That’s according to Neil Stanley, who’s a sleep expert at Sleep Station, an online provider of _____ _____ _____ for _____ . “We have _____ to _____ -_____ _____ , so when we wake up on a winter’s morning and it’s dark, our brain is going ‘I can’t do anything… there’s no point _____ _____ _____ _____ .'” Particularly in summer, temperature also plays a role – our bodies require a skin temperature of between 31-35 degrees centigrade [Celsius] for a good night’s sleep, but this can be harder to control during the warmer months.
Of course, nowadays, it is our school and work times – not the Sun – that determine when we get up in the morning. But, as autumn approaches, it seems we now have a good excuse for an _____ _____ .
How the seasons affect your sleep
After a long winter, the arrival of spring can be a welcome relief. The days grow longer, the temperatures increase, and the natural world around us comes to life again. But when the seasons change, our sleep patterns change with them.
New research suggests that humans may need more sleep in the winter than they do in the summer. A German study found that participants slept an hour longer in December than in June, regardless of their exposure to light. “Our study shows that even while living in an urban environment, with just artificial light, humans [experience] seasonal sleep,” says Dieter Kunz, one of the study’s lead authors and head of the clinic of sleep and chronomedicine at St Hedwig Hospital in Berlin, Germany. The study found that the participants experienced seasonal variations in their rapid eye movement sleep, also known as REM sleep, as well as in their slow wave sleep, also known as deep sleep. REM sleep, which is when we dream and our heart rate increases, was 30 minutes longer in the winter than during the summer. Slow wave sleep, which is when our muscles are repaired, our immune system is strengthened and our memory is consolidated, was 30 minutes shorter in September than in February.
But why do our bodies and brains need more rest at certain times of year? The answer could lie in our evolutionary past. That’s according to Neil Stanley, who’s a sleep expert at Sleep Station, an online provider of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. “We have evolved to dark-light cycles, so when we wake up on a winter’s morning and it’s dark, our brain is going ‘I can’t do anything… there’s no point leaping out of bed.'” Particularly in summer, temperature also plays a role – our bodies require a skin temperature of between 31-35 degrees centigrade [Celsius] for a good night’s sleep, but this can be harder to control during the warmer months.
Of course, nowadays, it is our school and work times – not the Sun – that determine when we get up in the morning. But, as autumn approaches, it seems we now have a good excuse for an early night.
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Dưới đây là danh sách các từ vựng/cụm từ kèm theo phiên âm, giải thích nghĩa bằng tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt, cùng với 3 câu ví dụ minh họa có dịch nghĩa:
Relief /rɪˈliːf/
🔹 Meaning (Ý nghĩa):
🔹 Example Sentences (Câu ví dụ):
Come to life /kʌm tuː laɪf/
🔹 Meaning (Ý nghĩa):
🔹 Example Sentences (Câu ví dụ):
Sleep pattern /sliːp ˈpætərn/
🔹 Meaning (Ý nghĩa):
🔹 Example Sentences (Câu ví dụ):
Exposure to /ɪkˈspəʊʒər tuː/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): The state of being in contact with something, such as light, heat, or a situation.
(Trạng thái tiếp xúc với một thứ gì đó, chẳng hạn như ánh sáng, nhiệt độ hoặc tình huống.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Artificial light /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl laɪt/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): Light that is created by electrical devices, not from natural sources like the sun.
(Ánh sáng được tạo ra bởi các thiết bị điện, không phải từ nguồn tự nhiên như mặt trời.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Seasonal sleep /ˈsiːzənl sliːp/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): Changes in sleep patterns depending on the seasons.
(Sự thay đổi trong giấc ngủ tùy theo mùa.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Chronomedicine /ˌkrɒnəʊˈmɛdɪsɪn/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A branch of medicine that studies how biological rhythms affect health.
(Một nhánh của y học nghiên cứu cách nhịp sinh học ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A difference or change in something.
(Sự khác biệt hoặc thay đổi trong một thứ gì đó.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) /ˈræpɪd aɪ ˈmuːvmənt sliːp/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A stage of sleep where the eyes move quickly and dreaming occurs.
(Giai đoạn ngủ khi mắt chuyển động nhanh và giấc mơ xảy ra.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Slow wave sleep (Deep sleep) /sləʊ weɪv sliːp/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): The deepest stage of sleep, important for body repair and growth.
(Giai đoạn ngủ sâu nhất, quan trọng để cơ thể phục hồi và phát triển.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Repair /rɪˈpeər/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): To restore something that is damaged or broken.
(Khôi phục một thứ gì đó bị hư hại hoặc bị phá vỡ.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Immune system /ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): The body’s defense system that protects against infections and diseases.
(Hệ thống bảo vệ của cơ thể chống lại nhiễm trùng và bệnh tật.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): To make something stronger or more stable, such as memory or knowledge.
(Làm cho một thứ gì đó trở nên vững chắc hơn, chẳng hạn như trí nhớ hoặc kiến thức.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Rest /rest/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A period of relaxation or sleep to regain energy.
(Khoảng thời gian thư giãn hoặc ngủ để hồi phục năng lượng.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv bɪˈheɪ.vjə.rəl ˈθer.ə.pi/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A type of psychological treatment that helps change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
(Một phương pháp trị liệu tâm lý giúp thay đổi các suy nghĩ và hành vi tiêu cực.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Insomnia /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): A condition where a person has difficulty falling or staying asleep.
(Tình trạng một người gặp khó khăn khi ngủ hoặc duy trì giấc ngủ.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): To develop gradually over time.
(Phát triển dần dần theo thời gian.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Dark-light cycle /dɑːrk laɪt ˈsaɪ.kəl/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): The natural pattern of light and darkness that affects sleep and biological rhythms.
(Chu kỳ sáng – tối tự nhiên ảnh hưởng đến giấc ngủ và nhịp sinh học.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Leap out of bed /liːp aʊt əv bed/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): To get out of bed quickly and energetically.
(Ra khỏi giường một cách nhanh chóng và đầy năng lượng.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
Early night /ˈɜːrli naɪt/
Meaning (Ý nghĩa): Going to bed earlier than usual.
(Đi ngủ sớm hơn bình thường.)
Examples (Ví dụ):
After a long day of work, she decided to have an early night.
(Sau một ngày làm việc dài, cô ấy quyết định đi ngủ sớm.)
I have an important meeting tomorrow, so I’ll have an early night.
(Tôi có một cuộc họp quan trọng vào ngày mai, vì vậy tôi sẽ đi ngủ sớm.)
He always tries to get an early night before exams.
(Anh ấy luôn cố gắng đi ngủ sớm trước các kỳ thi.)