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The magic of fungi
_____ play an important role in _____ , are a _____ _____ food, and _____ key _____ to the world of medicine. So, why do we know so little about them?
An estimated two million _____ _____ – more than 90% of all fungi – have yet to be described by science, according to Rebecca Morelle, science reporter for the BBC. In the UK alone, there are thought to be around 25,000 species of fungi – five or six times more than plants. Scientists are trying to find out more about this largely _____ world, but it is challenging. Dr Martyn Ainsworth, a senior researcher from Royal _____ Gardens, Kew, in London, says: ‘We can grow a certain number in the _____ , but there is _____ _____ _____ _____ fungi that we cannot grow in the lab. This has held back a lot of research.’The fact that we know so little about the world of fungi leads many of us to misunderstand them. ‘A lot of people are afraid of _____ mushrooms’, says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, ‘but only a very small _____ of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause _____ ‘. Most are harmless and often beneficial, called by some ‘the hidden helpers of our environment’. Some fungi provide food and _____ for _____ , help plants _____ water and _____ and recycle _____ and _____ _____ . Other types of fungi grow on the _____ of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps _____ trees. ‘Fungi are really the behind-the-scenes team that are doing all the work’, adds Dr Ainsworth.
So, next time you add mushrooms to your dinner, take a painkiller for a headache, or go for a walk through the woods, remember to thank the living things that made it all possible–fungi.
The magic of fungi
Fungi play an important role in ecosystems, are a source of food, and make key contributions to the world of medicine. So, why do we know so little about them?
An estimated two million fungal species – more than 90% of all fungi – have yet to be described by science, according to Rebecca Morelle, science reporter for the BBC. In the UK alone, there are thought to be around 25,000 species of fungi – five or six times more than plants. Scientists are trying to find out more about this largely unexplored world, but it is challenging. Dr Martyn Ainsworth, a senior researcher from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, says: ‘We can grow a certain number in the lab, but there is a whole host of fungi that we cannot grow in the lab. This has held back a lot of research.’The fact that we know so little about the world of fungi leads many of us to misunderstand them. ‘A lot of people are afraid of poisonous mushrooms’, says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, ‘but only a very small proportion of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause disease‘. Most are harmless and often beneficial, called by some ‘the hidden helpers of our environment’. Some fungi provide food and shelter for wildlife, help plants absorb water and nutrients and recycle waste and dead matter. Other types of fungi grow on the roots of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps nourish trees. ‘Fungi are really the behind-the-scenes team that are doing all the work’, adds Dr Ainsworth.
So, next time you add mushrooms to your dinner, take a painkiller for a headache, or go for a walk through the woods, remember to thank the living things that made it all possible–fungi.
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1. fungi /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/
(n.) A group of living organisms that include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.
(Danh từ): Nhóm sinh vật bao gồm nấm, mốc và men.
Example Sentences:
2. ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊ.sɪs.təm/
(n.) A community of living organisms and their environment interacting together.
(Danh từ): Hệ sinh thái, một cộng đồng các sinh vật sống và môi trường của chúng tương tác với nhau.
Example Sentences:
3. source of /sɔːrs ʌv/
(phr.) The place or thing from which something originates.
(Cụm từ): Nguồn gốc của một thứ gì đó.
Example Sentences:
4. make a contribution /meɪk ə ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/
(phr.) To give or add something for the benefit of others.
(Cụm từ): Đóng góp vào một điều gì đó để mang lại lợi ích chung.
Example Sentences:
5. fungal species /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəl ˈspiː.ʃiːz/
(n.) Different types of fungi.
(Danh từ): Các loài nấm khác nhau.
Example Sentences:
6. unexplored /ˌʌn.ɪkˈsplɔːrd/
(adj.) Not yet investigated or discovered.
(Tính từ): Chưa được khám phá hoặc nghiên cứu.
Example Sentences:
7. botanic /bəˈtæn.ɪk/
(adj.) Related to plants or the study of plants.
(Tính từ): Thuộc về thực vật hoặc nghiên cứu thực vật.
Example Sentences:
8. lab /læb/
(n.) A short form of “laboratory,” a place where scientific experiments are conducted.
(Danh từ): Phòng thí nghiệm, nơi tiến hành các thí nghiệm khoa học.
Example Sentences:
9. a whole host of /ə hoʊl hoʊst ʌv/
(phr.) A large number of something.
(Cụm từ): Một số lượng lớn của một thứ gì đó.
Example Sentences:
10. poisonous /ˈpɔɪ.zən.əs/
(adj.) Containing poison; harmful if eaten or touched.
(Tính từ): Có độc; gây hại nếu ăn hoặc chạm vào.
Example Sentences:
11. proportion /prəˈpɔːr.ʃən/
(n.) A part of a whole, often expressed as a percentage.
(Danh từ): Tỷ lệ của một tổng thể, thường được biểu thị dưới dạng phần trăm.
Example Sentences:
12. disease /dɪˈziːz/
(n.) An illness affecting people, animals, or plants.
(Danh từ): Bệnh tật ảnh hưởng đến con người, động vật hoặc thực vật.
Example Sentences:
13. shelter /ˈʃel.tər/
(n.) A place that provides protection from danger or bad weather.
(Danh từ): Nơi trú ẩn, cung cấp sự bảo vệ khỏi nguy hiểm hoặc thời tiết xấu.
Example Sentences:
14. wildlife /ˈwaɪld.laɪf/
(n.) Animals and plants living in their natural habitat.
(Danh từ): Động vật và thực vật sống trong môi trường tự nhiên.
Example Sentences:
15. absorb /əbˈzɔːrb/
(v.) To take in or soak up a substance.
(Động từ): Hấp thụ hoặc thấm hút một chất.
Example Sentences:
16. nutrient /ˈnuː.tri.ənt/
(n.) A substance that provides nourishment for living things.
(Danh từ): Chất dinh dưỡng cung cấp sự nuôi dưỡng cho sinh vật sống.
Example Sentences:
17. waste /weɪst/
(n.) Unwanted or unusable materials.
(Danh từ): Chất thải hoặc vật liệu không sử dụng được.
Example Sentences:
Recycling helps turn waste into useful materials. (Tái chế giúp biến chất thải thành vật liệu hữu ích.)